SAT or ACT: How to Choose the Right Test for You!

If you’re going through the college admissions process, you’re probably already thinking about whether to take the SAT or ACT. These are the two main standardized tests for students applying to American universities. Both tests cover the fundamental math and reading skills students should know upon graduating high school. Since colleges and universities accept both, students need to decide for themselves if the SAT vs. ACT is better for them.

It’s no surprise that good scores can significantly boost a student’s chance of admission. But which should you take? What is the difference between the ACT and the SAT, and what does that mean for you?

In this article, we’ll answer all of your questions about SAT vs. ACT, including:

• What is the difference between the ACT and the SAT?
• How is the importance of the SAT vs. ACT changing in admissions? (We’ll look at some specifics, like the Yale SAT requirements and ACT requirements for Harvard.)
• How and when can you register for the SAT vs. ACT?
• What are the content areas, timing, and format of the SAT vs. ACT?
• What’s the formula for calculating ACT vs. SAT scores, and how do you determine good SAT scores and good ACT scores?
• How do you decide if you should take the SAT or ACT–or neither?

Before we start exploring ACT vs. SAT differences and similarities, let’s answer a basic question. Why do college applicants take standardized tests?

College Applications and Standardized Testing

In contrast to many other international college admissions policies, US colleges tend to follow a holistic admissions process. That means factors including college essays and extracurricular activities can make or break an application, just like grades. With that said, however, many Americans still believe standardized test scores and grades should matter most in admissions.

In the past, students applying to college have taken the SAT or ACT and hoped for good scores. While there are several differences between the two, scoring high on either test is thought to greatly improve your chances of admission. On the other hand, good SAT scores and good ACT scores may not help an otherwise unimpressive application.

In recent years, however, a growing number of people have advocated against standardized testing. While the tests purportedly assess students’ grasp of fundamental skills, there are also real barriers to good scores. Some students may understand the content, but don’t perform well in the SAT or ACT standardized testing environment. Others, both in domestic and international college admissions, may not be able to go to a testing center on testing dates.

Regardless of the ongoing debate, standardized tests are still an important part of the college admissions process. Students can take either the SAT or ACT, as schools typically don’t differentiate between SAT vs. ACT in their score requirements. However, students today are no longer solely deciding between SAT or ACT. Many colleges and universities are giving students another choice. That is, they’re becoming test-optional.

What is a Test-Optional School?

Test-optional schools are colleges and universities that do not require applicants to submit SAT and ACT scores. However, if an applicant has taken either test, they may choose to submit their SAT or ACT results. If they do submit scores, those scores will be considered as part of their application. The benefit of test-optional applications is that otherwise capable students aren’t disadvantaged by poor SAT or ACT performance–or lack thereof. At the same time, those who have good ACT scores can submit those to strengthen their application.

The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant catalyst for schools reconsidering their testing requirements. Since most SAT or ACT testing locations were closed, for universities like Vanderbilt or Notre Dame, SAT requirements were waived. That means, when it came to ACT vs. SAT scores, there were no barriers to keep potential applicants from applying.

However, this shift in policy did not always result in lasting change. More than a few schools that went test-optional during the height of the pandemic have gone back to requiring SAT or ACT scores. At the same time, the massive shift highlighted some positive impacts of test-optional admissions. Even now, as pandemic restrictions fade from many people’s minds, dozens of institutions have committed to remaining test-optional.

Which colleges don’t require SAT or ACT?

Scores of colleges and universities are still test-optional for the 2024 application season. This includes elite universities like Stanford University and Columbia University. However, all test-optional policies aren’t the same. Some schools have test-optional admissions, with caveats.

For example, looking at the Notre Dame SAT requirements, choosing to submit ACT vs. SAT scores–or no score at all–does not impact admissions. However, if you read through the Notre Dame SAT requirements more carefully, you’ll see students are required to submit their SAT and ACT scores if they choose to enroll.

Test-blind and Test-flexible Admissions

In addition to test-optional policies, some schools have test-blind and test-flexible policies. 

Test-blind is what it sounds like: SAT and ACT scores are not considered, even if they’re submitted. The idea is that, regardless of ACT vs. SAT scores, other aspects of a student’s application are more important and equitable. The University of California system is one popular public institution with a test-blind approach. 

Test-flexible policies are a bit different. This approach allows students to submit scores from tests such as Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) instead of the SAT or ACT. By going beyond SAT or ACT tests, these policies recognize the many other ways students can demonstrate achievement. While test-flexible policies are not as widespread as test-optional or test-blind, they are becoming more common.

Schools like NYU have been test-flexible for years, while the Yale SAT requirements were updated in 2024 to be test-flexible. The Yale SAT requirements specifically allow AP or IB, while NYU has a more extensive list of accepted scores. International college admissions are also often test-flexible. For instance, the ACT requirements for Harvard allow international applicants to submit other scores “in exceptional cases.”

Staying up to date with testing policies

Nevertheless, while test-optional and similar policies are a more common sight than they once were, many other institutions have reinstated pre-pandemic requirements. The SAT and ACT requirements for Harvard now mandate scores for all domestic applicants; the same goes for MIT and Cornell (in 2025).

However, don’t let these requirements deter you. Holistic applications mean it’s possible to get into Ivy League universities with low SAT or ACT scores. At the same time, a good SAT or ACT score makes for a stronger application and greater odds of admission.

Always do your research when compiling your college list and deciding whether to test…or not. Testing policies change often these days, so be sure you’re staying up to date on application requirements. Confirming the current Yale SAT requirements or Notre Dame SAT requirements will help you create a preparation plan–and help you achieve the scores needed to gain entrance into your ideal college. 

Taking Standardized Test: Planning your approach

Now, let’s say you’ve considered SAT vs. ACT and decided to take one or both. You may have even taken a full-length SAT or ACT practice test and calculated your ACT vs. SAT scores to help you make your choice. But how should you prepare for the real SAT or ACT?

Some students take either the SAT or ACT; others take both and send the stronger of their ACT vs. SAT scores. With so many opinions on both sides, it can be helpful to take the exams for yourself.

Typically, students take the SAT or ACT for the first time in the spring of their junior year. This is one point that doesn’t change much when comparing the SAT vs. ACT. By testing your junior spring, you have time to check, understand, and improve your ACT vs. SAT scores with retakes.

If you’ve decided between SAT vs. ACT, you may be preparing to take an exam for the second time. When should you plan to retake the exam? That depends on your college application deadlines. Students applying Regular Decision usually take their last test by December. However, if you’re applying Early Action or Early Decision, your last opportunity to take the SAT or ACT is October.

To prepare for your college applications, you’ll need to have a solid understanding of your timeline for registering for and taking the SAT or ACT. By knowing your test dates, you can create a SAT or ACT study plan to get ready for the exam. Remember, getting good SAT or good ACT scores starts with being prepared!

SAT Frequently Asked Questions

Now that you understand the importance of SAT and ACT scores in the college admissions process, let’s break them down. To compare the SAT vs. ACT, we need to know the details of each test. In the following section, we’ll cover the basics of the SAT, including:

• An overview of the SAT sections, content, and time limit
• When to register for and take the SAT
• How many times to take the SAT

If you don’t know much about the SAT, don’t worry. Let’s start with an easy question: what exactly is the SAT?

What is the SAT?

The SAT is a standardized test covering important concepts students are expected to have learned in high school. The SAT has two sections: Reading and Writing, and Math. The Reading and Writing section lasts 64 minutes and has 54 questions; the Math section lasts 70 minutes and has 44 questions. That’s a total of 134 minutes (2 hours and 14 minutes) for 98 questions, or a little more than one minute per question. You may have heard before that the SAT is a 3-hour test, but that’s changed with the digital SAT.

In 2024, the SAT went digital. While it’s still administered in a typical standardized testing environment, students now take the test on laptops or tablets. There’s also a calculator built into the test, although students may still bring a calculator. However, students can still request a paper SAT for accommodation reasons.

The biggest difference between the old SAT and the new digital SAT is adaptive testing. This means both sections have been split into two equal-length modules. The first half has a mix of easy to difficult questions. Based on your performance, the second half will be easier or harder. This results in a shorter test.

Otherwise, many other aspects of the new digital SAT are similar to previous versions of the test. The Reading and Writing section still asks questions about written texts, although those passages are a bit shorter (25–150 words). The majority of questions are multiple choice, with about a quarter of math questions requiring student-produced responses. SAT scores are calculated for each section, then added together for a total score ranging between 400 to 1600, with good SAT scores being closer to 1600.

What does SAT stand for?

When the SAT was first administered in 1926, the letters stood for “Scholastic Aptitude Test.” The test was adapted from a US Army IQ test by Princeton psychologist Carl Brigham. The test’s origins are rather controversial, as Brigham believed IQ tests could test innate knowledge, which was thought to depend on race. Nevertheless, it rather quickly became adopted by many institutions.

Over time, its name was changed to “Scholastic Assessment Test,” and eventually it came to be known simply as the SAT. Which is to say, the term “SAT” doesn’t actually stand for anything now.

The test itself has undergone several changes over the years. At the beginning, it had nine subtests–two math and seven verbal–totaling 315 questions to be answered within 97 minutes. Sections, scores, and time limits changed several times before the SAT settled on two 800-point sections by the 1950s.

Other significant changes included allowing calculators in 1994 and introducing a 50-minute essay in 2005. The essay added another 800 points, bringing the maximum possible SAT score to 2400–however, the SAT essay was eliminated in 2021.

What are the subjects on the SAT?

As mentioned above, the SAT consists of a Reading and Writing section and a Math section. If you’ve compared the SAT vs. ACT before, the SAT may seem simpler. You’ll notice in comparing the SAT vs. ACT that there’s no science section on the SAT. There is also no writing component.

Later on, we’ll review these ACT vs. SAT differences at length. For now, let’s take a closer look at the skills tested by the SAT. If any of the following sounds unfamiliar, try some official practice tests to get exposure to real examples.

The SAT Reading and Writing Section

The Reading and Writing section presents test takers with short passages, followed by multiple-choice questions. The questions are designed to test proficiency in four content areas:

One benefit when comparing SAT vs. ACT is that questions in the same category are grouped together in this section. This means that students don’t have to mentally switch between reading for certain purposes with each question.

The SAT Math Section

The Math section tests four types of mathematical skills.

There are approximately 13–15 math problems pertaining to algebra, the same for advanced math, and 5–7 each for the other categories. Approximately 30% of questions are word problems in a real-world scenario, requiring you to consider both the numbers and their context.

While calculators are allowed during the entire test, there are plenty of questions that can be solved faster without one. Try to do lots of practice questions to get comfortable with identifying questions that don’t really need a calculator. All official (and many unofficial) SAT practice tests explain why each answer is right or wrong, so you can understand common mistakes to avoid.

What grade do you take the SAT?

What is the difference between the ACT and the SAT? Well, did you know the SAT has an official pre-test? The PSAT/NMSQT (Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test) is usually taken by juniors during their fall semester. Each school administers the PSAT/NMSQT differently, so check with your school about your test date.

While the PSAT isn’t exactly the same as the SAT–it’s easier, for one thing–it’s intended to prepare you for the actual test. So, after taking the PSAT in junior fall, it makes sense to take the SAT when that preparation is still fresh. As a result, the majority of SAT takers take the test in the spring of their junior year. However, there’s no age limit, so you could take the SAT before junior year, another similarity when considering SAT vs. ACT.

There’s no limit on SAT or ACT retakes, meaning you can take the SAT several times throughout junior and senior year. Perhaps not surprisingly, that may not be a great idea; we’ll discuss why in a moment.

When should I take the SAT for the First Time?

As stated above, most students take the SAT for the first time in the spring of junior year. This is an ideal time for a number of reasons. For one thing, many students are still searching for colleges or narrowing down their college list. Having an SAT score in hand before summer gives students a realistic idea of the strength of their application. This in turn helps them fine-tune their list, plan college tours, and prepare for admissions season.

Another benefit of taking the SAT in junior spring is having more time to prepare for a retake, if necessary. One thing to note when comparing SAT vs. ACT is that they’re both, well, standardized tests. There is a particular set of skills that aid in acing the SAT or ACT, like time management and process of elimination. While studying content is important, many SAT or ACT prep resources also focus on test-taking skills.

Be aware that you cannot take the SAT in the summer; testing usually starts in late August and ends in early June. Registration deadlines are about two weeks before the test, meaning you need to keep your dates organized. Check the College Board website for registration and testing dates and deadlines.

Regardless of if you choose to take the SAT or ACT, take time to plan your timeline for the college admissions process. If you want both SAT and ACT scores, be extra sure to check each of your schools’ testing requirements and deadlines. You don’t want to retake the SAT, get a perfect 1600, and realize you took it too late for that score to matter.

How many times should a student take the SAT?

The average student takes the SAT or ACT anywhere from one to three times. The obvious benefit of this is gaining a familiarity with the format of the SAT or ACT and the testing environment. Studying to reinforce weak areas between retakes can help improve a student’s score. There’s no shortage of resources out there from free practice tests to one-on-one SAT prep support, so investigate your options.

Fortunately, another commonality when comparing SAT vs. ACT is the possibility of superscoring. Superscoring is when college admissions officers consider a student’s highest score on each individual section of the SAT or ACT. Essentially, students can combine their best individual scores to submit a higher overall score. For students whose best SAT scores took a couple tries, this is a great help. With that said, superscoring is not universal; closely check the testing policies of each college on your list.

Whether you decide on the SAT or ACT, don’t ignore the law of diminishing returns. Taking the SAT or ACT over and over again can cause test anxiety, and you’ll reach a point where your score doesn’t improve. Rather than spending time and money retaking the SAT or ACT a half dozen times, spend that time on college applications. And remember that good SAT scores aren’t always a perfect 1600–they’re unique to each student and their goals.

Understanding SAT Registration

If you’re interested in taking the SAT, you’ll need to know how to register. To start, you’ll need to create a College Board account. From there, you can choose a testing location. When exploring testing locations, consider which ones are most accessible to you and how you’ll get there on test day. Then, choose a date that fits your college application timeline.

To officially register, you’ll need to complete all required registration forms. You’ll be asked to upload important information, like your name and a photograph of yourself, confirm your testing date and location, and pay the testing fee. The SAT costs $68, however, fee waivers are available for eligible students.

When signing up for the SAT, we recommend registering a month before your test date. This way, you can ensure your top testing location has seats available and avoid unnecessary late fees. Testing dates generally occur twice a year in the fall and in the spring.

On test day, be sure to bring your admission ticket, an acceptable ID, pencils, and an approved calculator. By following these steps and tips, you can successfully navigate the SAT registration process and ensure you’re well prepared for test day, whether you focus on the SAT or ACT—or both!

First-time test takers

If this is your first time registering for the SAT, remember being nervous is absolutely normal! However, it’s important to keep in mind that this one test will not make or break your college applications. For many students, getting good SAT scores is only possible by taking the SAT multiple times. For this reason, many end up taking the SAT during both their junior and senior years.

And, if you’re not getting the good SAT scores you desire, consider taking the ACT to see which exam suits you better!

ACT Frequently Asked Questions

Since we’re comparing SAT vs. ACT, we’re now going to turn our attention to the ACT. The following sections address some of the most common questions students and parents have about the test. We’ll cover:

• What the ACT is, including sections, content, and time limit
• How to get good ACT scores
• Important testing dates and registering for the ACT

Whether deciding between the SAT or ACT, or preparing to take both, these FAQs will provide valuable insights into what to expect and how to succeed.

What is the ACT?

The ACT is a standardized test used in college admissions and international college admissions. Unlike the SAT, the ACT has four sections, English, Math, Reading, and Science, plus one optional Writing section.

• English: 45 mins, 75 questions
• Math: 60 mins, 60 questions
• Reading: 35 mins, 40 questions
• Science: 35 mins, 40 questions

Without breaks, the ACT takes 2 hours and 55 minutes, or 3 hours and 35 minutes with the optional Writing section. Each section is scored from 1 to 36, with a composite score averaging these sections. A perfect ACT score is 36, and good ACT scores for selective colleges range between 24-28. The optional Writing section is scored separately (2-12 points).

When comparing the SAT vs. ACT, consider the Writing section and if it’s required by your target schools. This section assesses argumentation and organization skills, though many colleges no longer require it for admission. For instance, the ACT requirements for Harvard do not include the optional writing test. 

What does ACT stand for?

ACT stands for “American College Testing”. The ACT was first introduced in 1959 as an alternative to the SAT. Developed by University of Iowa professor Everett Lindquist, the exam was designed to assess college readiness by evaluating students on their understanding of high school curriculum.

Initially, the ACT tested English, math, social studies, and natural sciences. However, in 1989, the format was revised to focus on English, math, reading, and science. Comparing the histories of the SAT vs. ACT, you can see how both tests have evolved over time. In some cases, you could even say they’ve changed in response to one another. In 2005, for instance, the ACT added an optional writing test–around the same time the SAT added an essay portion to their exam. 

Today, the ACT is widely accepted by US colleges and universities, leaving students free to decide which test to take. It may come as no surprise that format is one of the largest factors for students deciding between the SAT vs. ACT. Indeed, the nuances between the two exams have fueled the ongoing SAT vs. ACT debate. So, let’s take a closer look at what the ACT actually covers.

What is on the ACT Test?

As previously stated, the ACT has four main sections—English, Mathematics, Reading, and Science—plus an optional Writing section.

At first glance, you may notice some similarities between what’s on the SAT vs. ACT. While the sections are slightly different, both cover concepts in math, reading, and English. For this reason, it’s important to understand key ACT vs. SAT differences in these subjects. Of course, you’ll also want to consider the main overarching difference between the SAT vs. ACT: the science section.

The ACT English Section

This section focuses on grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. For each question, you’ll be given a passage of text and a series of multiple choice questions. The English section evaluates skills related to revising and editing across multiple genres. Some passages will have underlined portions of text for you to focus on, whereas others will be focused on the passage as a whole.

The ACT Math Section

The Math section covers mathematical skills you’ve learned up until grade 11. You’ll encounter questions relating to five subcategories: Number & Quantity, Algebra, Functions, Geometry, and Statistics & Probability. Additionally, you’ll be tested on your ability to integrate essential skills to answer complex problems. Like the SAT, the ACT allows the use of a calculator for the entire section. However, none of the questions in the Math section actually require the use of a calculator. 

The ACT Reading Section

Whereas the SAT has a combined Reading and Writing section, the ACT has a dedicated Reading section. The questions in this section are designed to test your reading comprehension. More specifically, you’ll need to demonstrate your ability to understand a text and draw logical conclusions. Time management is critical in this section, as you’ll need to read fairly quickly if you want enough time to answer each question.

The ACT Science Section

Unique to the ACT is its dedicated Science section. The Science section assesses data interpretation, scientific reasoning, and problem-solving skills. Questions may cover concepts related to biology, chemistry, Earth/space sciences, and physics. In previous years, the Science section was an important consideration for students deciding between the SAT or ACT. But, as we’ve seen in previous years, the ACT is once again changing.

Just recently, the ACT announced the Science section of the test is becoming optional. Starting Spring 2025, the ACT core exam will mirror that of the SAT. That means students will have the option of taking four different versions of the test: the ACT core exam, the ACT plus Science, the ACT plus Writing, or the ACT plus Science and Writing.

The ACT Writing Section

The Writing section is formatted as a 40-minute essay. You will be provided a prompt and several varying perspectives to consider. Your goal is to write a clear and compelling essay that presents your perspective on the issue. In addition to developing your points of view, your essay should also address perspectives outside of yours.

While many colleges no longer require it, understanding how the Writing section factors into SAT vs. ACT scores can be useful. This is especially true if you want to showcase your writing abilities and bolster your application.

How to Pass the ACT?

Achieving good ACT scores requires strategic planning, effective time management, and familiarity with the test format. Whether you’re aiming to improve your ACT scores, or still deciding between the SAT vs. ACT, here are a few tips to help guide your preparation:

By mastering these strategies and utilizing helpful resources, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle the ACT come test day.

ACT Standards

The ACT College and Career Readiness Standards serve as benchmarks, outlining the skills and knowledge needed for college-level coursework and successful careers. Let’s break down the standards by subject:

To improve ACT scores, students should review each subject’s standards. That way, they can focus their study efforts on the most critical areas by identifying specific areas of weakness. Incorporating these standards into your preparation can also help you understand your performance and decide whether the SAT or ACT better suits your academic strengths.

How to Register for the ACT?

Registering for the ACT is straightforward. However, following the steps carefully is essential to avoid missing deadlines or incurring extra fees. 

You can register online at the official ACT website. If you don’t have an account, you must create one to manage your registration, view scores, and send reports to colleges. During registration, you’ll select your test date, test center location, and indicate whether you’ll take the ACT with or without the optional Writing section.

After signing up, provide basic information, including your high school, intended college major, and personal details. Review everything carefully before submitting; this information will appear on your score report.

The standard fee for the ACT is $69 without Writing and $94 with Writing. Some students may qualify for fee waivers, covering the test cost up to two times.

In some cases, students may incur additional fees to cover late registration, test date or center changes, or additional score reports. You’ll need to register about five weeks before the test date to avoid late fees. However, you can still register up to about two weeks before the test date with a late fee of $36.

Now that you know how to register for the ACT, let’s take a closer look at how to pick an ACT testing date.

ACT Testing Dates

The ACT is typically offered multiple times a year. When choosing a test date, ensure you are giving yourself ample time to study and take practice tests. Additionally, make sure your test date fits into your college admissions process and falls before any Early Decision or Early Action deadlines.

If you are at all planning to retake the ACT, think ahead and space out your test dates to allow for additional preparation.

Be sure to check the ACT website for specific dates and most current information for your state. When your test date finally arrives, be sure to bring confirmation of your registration, a valid photo ID, and an approved calculator, along with any snacks and water approved by your particular testing center.

By planning and considering these key aspects, you can select the best test date and be fully prepared to achieve good ACT scores.

SAT vs. ACT: Test Taking Timeline

Understanding the test taking timeline for the SAT vs. ACT is essential for students aiming to impress college admissions. Unless you’ve specifically filtered out schools that require SAT or ACT test scores, you’ll likely need to plan on taking one test or the other.

For example, the Yale SAT requirements, Notre Dame SAT requirements, and the ACT requirements for Harvard are all different. If you want to keep your options open, you’ll need to create your own test taking timeline.

So, what is the difference between the ACT and the SAT test taking timeline? In practice, not much! Both tests require a similar amount of preparation and practice, so the timelines for both are quite similar.

Let’s discuss a basic test-taking timeline for the SAT or ACT.

Study Duration Before Taking the Test

Start studying for the SAT or ACT 3 to 6 months before your test date. Whether taking the SAT or ACT, this time frame allows for a thorough review across all subjects. Here are some key steps to include in your study plan for the SAT or ACT:

Timing Between Test Attempts

If retaking the SAT or ACT, wait at least 6 to 8 weeks between tests. This gap allows time for targeted study based on your previous performance on the SAT or ACT and can increase your SAT and ACT scores. For example, if you excel in math but need to improve in reading, you can tailor your study plan for the SAT or ACT accordingly to maximize score gains.

Score Release Timeline

After taking the SAT or ACT, you should know how release dates differ. Keep in mind, the variability between the release dates of the ACT vs. SAT scores can impact your application timeline.

• SAT Scores: Typically, SAT scores are available about 2 weeks post-test, enabling quick assessment and retake decisions.
• ACT Scores: Scores are usually released within 2 to 8 weeks after testing, depending on the test date and whether the Writing section was taken.

Finalizing College Applications

Once your SAT and ACT scores are received, promptly send them to prospective colleges. Be mindful of specific deadlines, especially for early admissions, to ensure all materials are submitted on time.

By planning and understanding the SAT vs. ACT timeline, students can enhance their preparation and navigate the college admissions process more smoothly.

Comparing SAT vs. ACT Similarities

While exploring SAT vs. ACT, you may notice key similarities. Understanding these commonalities can make it easier for students to choose whether the SAT or ACT better suits their needs.

Before relying on superscoring, know your college requirements because they may differ. For instance, Yale SAT requirements may differ from Notre Dame SAT requirements, which may differ from the ACT requirement for Harvard. Ultimately, do your research and plan accordingly.

Now that we’ve discussed some key similarities, let’s answer the question: what is the difference between the ACT and the SAT?

What is the difference between the ACT and the SAT?

Understanding the differences between the ACT and SAT is crucial for students preparing for college admissions. Each test has unique features that can impact ACT vs. SAT scores, including test length, section types, and scoring methods.

Here’s a breakdown of four key ACT vs. SAT differences to consider:

Understanding the differences

In summary, the primary differences between the SAT and ACT include the length, structure, and scoring methods of each test. When evaluating what is the difference between the ACT and the SAT, it’s essential to consider how these factors play to your strengths.

Understanding the nuances of the ACT vs. SAT scores can help students make informed decisions about their preparation and testing strategy. And, it can help students determine which test will yield good SAT scores or good ACT scores for them.

To help you make this distinction between each test, we’re going to take a closer look at the Math and English sections.

SAT vs. ACT Math

Let’s start by exploring ACT vs. SAT differences regarding the math section. The SAT math section contains a mix of multiple-choice questions and grid-ins, which require students to write in their own answers. The SAT evaluates your problem-solving skills and accuracy, since you must enter your own answers.

In contrast, the ACT math section consists entirely of multiple-choice questions, which might simplify the process for some students. Since they can eliminate answers and make educated guesses when necessary, students may feel less time pressure. Both tests cover broadly the same content areas and contain several word problems alongside pure mathematics.

SAT Math Section

The SAT math section consists of two modules covering 44 questions total. You have 35 minutes to complete each module, and students are allowed to use a calculator across both sections. The SAT math score is scaled 200–800, which is combined with reading and writing for a total score out of 1600. The national average SAT score is 1050, so good SAT scores will be above that. For example, the Notre Dame SAT requirements for math typically fall in the higher range. You will be able to see your score on your student score report. 

ACT Math Section

The ACT math section is composed of one 60-question section that you have 60 minutes to complete. As we mentioned earlier, you’re able to use a calculator for all questions. Your score will be scaled from 1–36. This is combined with other sections for a composite score out of 36. The national average ACT score is 19.5, so good ACT scores will be above that. To learn more about understanding your ACT vs. SAT scores, check out this link. 

Ultimately, the decision of which test to take, SAT vs. ACT, depends on your strengths. Taking a practice test is the best way to determine which math section you feel more comfortable with.

ACT vs. SAT English

Now let’s take a look at how the SAT vs. ACT English sections differ. 

The SAT English section is called Reading and Writing. Like the Math section, the SAT English section is composed of two modules. You have 32 minutes to complete each model, and in total will answer 54 questions. This section focuses on grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, rhetoric, and understanding text in context. In the test, you will be given a short passage and a corresponding question to answer. This section is scored on a scale of 200–800, with good SAT scores falling closer to 800. 

The ACT English section is a single section, separate from reading. It asks 75 questions that you must answer in 45 minutes. The ACT covers topics like grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, rhetorical skills, and strategy. It is scored on a scale of 1–36 and contributes to your overall composite score. For both ACT vs. SAT scores, it is important to perform well on the English section to get a strong overall score.

Another consideration is whether or not you should complete the optional essay offered by the ACT. Completing the optional essay section may be a good way to set yourself apart among other applicants. If you have received lower grades in your English classes, a strong ACT writing score can help bolster your application. 

SAT vs. ACT Score Comparison

SAT vs. ACT scores are very different, most obviously in their score ranges. Let’s take a closer look at what makes up good SAT scores and good ACT scores, and what your score really means. 

The SAT sections, Math and Reading and Writing, are scored from 200–800. Your total score can range from 400–1600, with good SAT scores being above the average for your chosen schools. Competitive colleges like Notre Dame typically expect scores above 1400, though the Notre Dame SAT requirements are still test-optional. 

It’s important to understand the score ranges of the schools on your list when considering good SAT and ACT scores. For instance, Ivy League schools generally have higher unofficial SAT requirements than other colleges and universities. As an example, Yale SAT requirements generally consider 1450 to be within the competitive range.

However, it’s important to remember that your SAT score is only one part of your application. Don’t let a low score deter you from applying to Ivy Leagues; you can submit a strong application with a less-than-stellar score.  

Conversely, each section of the ACT—English, Math, Reading, and Science—is scored on a 1–36 scale. Your overall score is a composite score that is the average of these four. Good ACT scores are generally anything above the average range, 17-24. 

How do you compare ACT vs. SAT scores?

Colleges often convert ACT vs. SAT scores using conversion tables. This helps you accurately compare ACT vs. SAT scores despite their different scoring metrics. Generally, an SAT score of 1600 is equivalent to a score of 36 on the ACT—the maximum score. Students can use tools like concordance tables to compare your SAT vs. ACT scores quickly and accurately.

Note that the latest official concordance tables are from 2018; of course, there have been many changes since then. You may find that unofficial sources give you a better rough estimate of score conversions for 2024.

Is the ACT or SAT harder?

It’s impossible to say objectively whether the SAT or ACT is harder, or whether high ACT vs. SAT scores are more attainable. The perception of difficulty between the SAT vs. ACT is based on your individual strengths. Students who excel in reading comprehension and problem-solving may find the SAT easier. Conversely, those with a solid understanding of math and can move quickly through questions may prefer the ACT.

Other factors that play into preference of SAT vs. ACT are time management and the complexity of the questions. The SAT allots more time per question, but the questions are more complex, with many requiring multiple steps. On the other hand, the ACT is more fast paced with less time per question. However, the questions are generally more straightforward. Now that both tests allow calculators for their entire math section, some obvious differences have been smoothed over.

As you can see, it’s not as easy as declaring the SAT vs. ACT harder than the other. Each test has its pros and cons based on your individual skill set. Answering “What is the difference between the ACT and the SAT?” is key to choosing the right test for you. Highly competitive schools have high average scores—just look at the Yale SAT requirements and ACT requirements for Harvard. You will need to choose the test where you can excel the most and score within the upper range. 

Should I take the SAT or ACT?

When deciding whether to take the SAT or ACT, consider ACT vs. SAT differences and your personal preferences and strengths. The SAT is better for students who prefer deeper reasoning, are slower test-takers, or excel at algebra and data interpretation. The ACT may be better for students that are comfortable with a fast pace and a broader range of topics.

To figure out which test is best for you, we recommend starting by taking a practice test for both tests. This allows you to see which one you feel more comfortable taking and which you perform better on. When taking the practice tests, try to adhere to the same time limitations and testing conditions. After you have calculated your ACT vs. SAT scores and decided which is best for you, you can prepare and register accordingly.

International Admissions and SAT or ACT Requirements

Students applying through the international college admissions process will also need to decide whether the SAT or ACT is a better fit. Depending on the location, some schools may have a preference, but most US colleges accept either test. International students should also look into specific international college admissions requirements, such as scores for English proficiency and SAT or ACT expectations.

When deciding between the SAT or ACT, research the international college admissions standards for SAT and ACT scores at the schools you’re applying to. Some colleges, like Notre Dame, may have specific Notre Dame SAT requirements in both math and reading to be considered competitive.

Pros and Cons of ACT vs. SAT

For your convenience, we have created a table that outlines the pros and cons of the SAT vs. ACT. 

As you can see, each test caters to different needs and showcases different strengths. So which test will benefit your application the most? That would be the one that you can score higher on based on your personal preferences and strengths.  

SAT or ACT for Engineering

If you’re interested in pursuing an engineering degree, you may be wondering if the SAT or ACT is better for you. Students planning on pursuing an engineering degree likely already have strong math and analytical skills. As such, they may feel very comfortable navigating the concepts on the SAT Math section. However, the ACT’s straightforward approach may also be appealing and provide a way for you to showcase those skills. 

The coursework involved in engineering degrees include advanced math like calculus and physics and an emphasis on problem-solving techniques. Either test can help test and develop these skills, but if you’re leaning towards STEM more broadly, you might want to take the ACT with Science.

SAT or ACT for Creative Writing

For students interested in creative writing, it may be more worthwhile to take the SAT. The SAT’s reading and writing section places an emphasis on vocabulary in context and text analysis. This test section is great for students who excel in reading comprehension and the use of language. There are also questions about rhetorical techniques and idea synthesis which may be easier for aspiring writers.

Creative writing majors often focus on narrative structure, theme, and clarity. These skills are better highlighted by the SAT’s language and writing sections rather than the structure and format of the ACT. On the flip side, the ACT allows for an optional essay that can display your writing skills. This may be a better indicator of your readiness for a degree in creative writing. 

SAT or ACT for Economics Majors

For students interested in pursuing a degree in economics, you will need strong quantitative and critical reading skills. The SAT’s data analysis focus may help you develop and demonstrate your mastery of the foundational skills for studying economics. You may be well-suited to answer questions about data, percentages, and ratios.

Studying economics involves a lot of coursework focused on data interpretation, critical reading, and mathematical reasoning. When it comes to elite universities, you must demonstrate all-round proficiency to meet the competitive SAT or ACT requirements for Harvard, Brown, or any competitive university. 

5 Tips for Making your Decision: SAT or ACT

Still weighing SAT vs. ACT? Here are five tips to help you decide between the two:

If you’re looking for even more resources on navigating the SAT vs. ACT, this next section is for you!

More CollegeAdvisor Resources on SAT and ACT

We have discussed a lot regarding the SAT vs. ACT. Feel free to refer back to this guide when determining whether the SAT or ACT is best for you. You can also check out these other CollegeAdvisor resources, including webinars and articles, for even more information pertaining to the SAT or ACT. 

CollegeAdvisor Webinars

First up is our Navigating the ACT and SAT webinar. This webinar, featuring Yale University alum Mariko Rooks, answers all of your questions regarding the SAT and ACT. This includes how to prepare, what resources are available to help you study, and how many times you should take the SAT or ACT. As an alum, she also has insider information on Yale SAT requirements for those interested in attending Yale University. 

Next is the Preparing for the PSAT, SAT, and ACT webinar. Here, Admissions Expert and Harvard grad Maria Acosta Robayo shares tips and tricks for preparing for the PSAT, SAT and ACT. With this advice, you can feel confident and ready to do your best on your chosen test. With her Harvard expertise, she also offers insight on ACT requirements for Harvard. 

Finally, the Decoding the ACT and SAT: How to Ace the Test webinar is a great resource if you’re feeling overwhelmed. This webinar breaks down the structure, content, and format of each test. We also share tips and tricks for mastering the SAT or ACT, like time management, critical thinking, and other test-taking strategies. 

CollegeAdvisor Articles and Guides

CollegeAdvisor also has a host of similar articles and guides to this one to help you better understand the SAT or ACT tests. 

Whether you’re taking the SAT or ACT, it’s important to know what makes a good score. So in this article on good SAT scores and good ACT scores, our Admissions Experts discuss SAT vs. ACT scores and how they affect admissions decisions.  

To Take or Not to Take is a quick, four-minute read that discusses test-optional policies. In this age of changing test policies, how can students decide whether to take standardized tests like the SAT or ACT? This article may help you decide between SAT, ACT, or neither. You can also check out the related webinar.

SAT or ACT- Final Thoughts

In this article, we explored the question: what is the difference between the ACT and the SAT? After reading, we hope you feel better equipped to decide which test is right for you. Remember, you should register for the SAT or ACT based on your strengths, knowledge, skills, and aspirations. Take practice tests for both the ACT and SAT before registration to figure out which one feels better.

Colleges do not have a preference for the SAT vs. ACT, so your goal should be to take the one best suited for you. More important than which test you take is your performance and how it fits into your application as a whole. It’s important to beware of college application deadlines so you can know the latest you can take your test. With so many requirements to complete for college, you need a game plan for submitting your applications on time. 

Deciding SAT or ACT

You should also be sure to research the SAT vs. ACT requirements of the schools you’re interested in applying to. Some schools became test-optional and waived SAT or ACT requirements during the pandemic. However, grades and ACT vs. SAT scores continue to be top factors and a critical aspect of college applications during the admissions process. With that, many colleges, like MIT, have reinstated the SAT or ACT requirements. Do your research and confirm the admissions requirements for your cycle and the schools you’re applying to. 

We hope that this article has given you a better understanding of the SAT vs. ACT. Bookmark this guide for reference when choosing which test to take, or to remind yourself what is the difference between the ACT and the SAT. Our experts here at CollegeAdvisor can help you with your SAT or ACT preparation–and the entire college admissions process!

This article was written by Gina Goosby, Ashley Hollins, and Bailey Bennett. Looking for more admissions support? Click here to schedule a free meeting with one of our Admissions Specialists. During your meeting, our team will discuss your profile and help you find targeted ways to increase your admissions odds at top schools. We’ll also answer any questions and discuss how CollegeAdvisor.com can support you in the college application process.